In the early 1990s, surgeons began using laparoscopes to do procedures inside the abdomen. Whether a laparoscopic or open incision is made, the operative procedure itself is identical. The incisions made for a laparoscopic procedure are small.
When we talk about minimally invasive surgery, referring to procedures that cause as little trauma to the patient as possible. Instead of the large incisions required for traditional open surgery, minimally invasive treatments only need to make incisions between 5 and 10 millimetres long.
There is less postoperative pain, discomfort and medication use following laparoscopic procedures, and patients recover more quickly.
• the cosmetic outcome is vastly improved
• faster recovery time after hospitalisation
Day-care surgery is an option for most of these treatments.
However, there are a number of cases in which a laparoscopic surgery, once begun, cannot be finished laparoscopically, for a variety of reasons.
 Inflammation that has not subsided inside the abdominal cavity.
 Previous abdominal surgery had left significant adhesions between abdominal tissues.
 Uncertain anatomical details, despite high-quality imaging.
 The anxiety of surgery could result in a miscarriage if the woman is pregnant.
 There is a risk of potentially lethal embolization if air gets into the placental sinusoidal.
 anomalies that have gone undetected in the past.
 Complications during surgery, such as excessive bleeding.
 The need to go from laparoscopy to open surgery is not a problem, but rather evidence that the procedure cannot be performed safely on this patient using laparoscopy and that all safety measures have been taken.
 The end goal is risk-free surgical procedures. There are some patients who are not good candidates
for laparoscopic surgery.
 despite this fact, laparoscopic surgery has a number of benefits over the open technique and at
present is the preferred access for most surgeries.